You may want to to do a backup followed by a complete reinstall.
I have just tried this on a Virtual machine to see the effects.
sudo apt-get remove wine\*
This warned me that I was about to remove 120 packages including
Removing account-plugin-windows-live ...
Removing aisleriot ...
Removing apt-transport-https ...
Removing nautilus-share ...
Removing apturl ...
amongst others
I would have stopped there on a real system as that should be enough to tell you you are doing something wrong. But as this is only a test system I pushed on.
My complete list is here : Ubuntu Pastebin
You can find a list on your system at /var/log/apt/term.log I copied this to an external drive and printed it out.
When I rebooted Unity had gone so I had to use Ctrl+Alt+F6 to get to a text console.
You may be able to restore each of these with
sudo apt-get install package
replacing package with each of the package names. I've tried a few and it looks like its working though you will get some "this package is already installed" errors as installing one package may pull others in as dependencies so its already installed by the time you ask to install it.
It will probably be easier to boot with a live DVD or USB stick copy your personal files then reinstall than to manually put all the packages back. That's what I would be doing if it had happened to me.