Read a lot more about C++ (it is a very complex programming language; few people master it entirely, and I certainly don't). I recommend a good book such as Programming: Principle and Practice Using C++ (by the main designer of C++, Stroustrup). Then see some C++ reference site and some standard like n3337 (for C++11) or some newer version (like C++14 or C++17).
You want the placement new, so to construct an object of class Cla with argument 1 at location of pointer p (declared void*p;) you code:
Cla*ptr = new(p) Cla(1);
BTW, if SubCla is a subclass of Cla (having an appropriate constructor of two arguments) you can of course have Cla*ptr = new(p) SubCla(1, "x");