One way to get something close to what you want is if you terminal supports ANSI escape codes:
x = input("My score is \x1b[s of 10\x1b[u")
\x1b is the escape character. Neither escape character is dipsplayed on the screen; instead, they introduce byte sequences that the terminal interprets as an instruction of some kind. ESC[s tells the terminal to remember where the cursor is at the moment. ESC[u tells the terminal to move the cursor to the last-remembered position.

(The rectangle is the cursor in an unfocused window.)
Using a library that abstracts away the exact terminal you are using is preferable, but this gives you an idea of how such libraries interact with your terminal: it's all just bytes written to standard output.