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In a question I asked previously, I tried to separate bin and obj folders from my cpp. My dependency file (main.d) will be stored in obj directory. However, my attempt faced with problem. Linker believes that somethings are not linked directly:

/tmp/cc7WetlH.o: In function `__static_initialization_and_destruction_0':

/usr/include/boost/system/error_code.hpp:222: undefined reference to `boost::system::generic_category()'

SOURCES := main.cpp
BINDIR:= ./bin
OBJDIR:= ./bin/obj
OBJECTS := $(OBJDIR)/$(SOURCES:.cpp=.o)
DEPFILES:= $(OBJECTS:.o=.d)

CXX := g++
CXXFLAGS := -g -Wall -Wfatal-errors -std=c++11 -MD -MP
LIBS:= -lboost_filesystem -lboost_system 


all: run

# Link the executable
run: $(OBJECTS)
    $(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) $^ -o $(BINDIR)/$@ $(LIBS)

$(OBJDIR)/%.o: %.cpp
    $(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -MF $(OBJDIR)/$*.d -o $@  $<

-include $(DEPFILES)

To solve it, I added the linked libraries to compiler (to me it does not make sense):

$(OBJDIR)/%.o: %.cpp
    $(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -MF $(OBJDIR)/$*.d -o $@  $< $(LIBS)

And the object was created successfully however linker believes that somethings are defined multiple times:

g++  bin/obj/main.o -o ./bin/run -lboost_filesystem -lboost_system 
bin/obj/main.o: In function `_start':
(.text+0x0): multiple definition of `_start'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 0 has invalid symbol index 11
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 1 has invalid symbol index 12
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 2 has invalid symbol index 2
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 3 has invalid symbol index 2
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 4 has invalid symbol index 11
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 5 has invalid symbol index 13
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 6 has invalid symbol index 13
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 7 has invalid symbol index 13
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 8 has invalid symbol index 12
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 9 has invalid symbol index 13
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 10 has invalid symbol index 13
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 11 has invalid symbol index 13
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 12 has invalid symbol index 13
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 13 has invalid symbol index 13
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 14 has invalid symbol index 13
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 15 has invalid symbol index 13
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 16 has invalid symbol index 13
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 17 has invalid symbol index 13
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 18 has invalid symbol index 13
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 19 has invalid symbol index 21
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_line): relocation 0 has invalid symbol index 2
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o:/build/buildd/eglibc-2.19/csu/../sysdeps/x86_64/start.S:118: first defined here
bin/obj/main.o: In function `_fini':
(.fini+0x0): multiple definition of `_fini'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o(.debug_info): relocation 0 has invalid symbol index 7
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o(.debug_info): relocation 1 has invalid symbol index 8
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o(.debug_info): relocation 2 has invalid symbol index 9
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o(.debug_ranges): relocation 0 has invalid symbol index 4
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o(.debug_ranges): relocation 1 has invalid symbol index 4
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o(.debug_ranges): relocation 2 has invalid symbol index 5
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o(.debug_ranges): relocation 3 has invalid symbol index 5
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o:(.fini+0x0): first defined here
bin/obj/main.o:(.rodata+0x0): multiple definition of `_IO_stdin_used'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o:(.rodata.cst4+0x0): first defined here
bin/obj/main.o: In function `data_start':
(.data+0x0): multiple definition of `__data_start'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o:(.data+0x0): first defined here
bin/obj/main.o: In function `data_start':
(.data+0x8): multiple definition of `__dso_handle'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/crtbegin.o:(.data+0x0): first defined here
bin/obj/main.o: In function `_init':
(.init+0x0): multiple definition of `_init'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o(.debug_line): relocation 0 has invalid symbol index 4
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o(.debug_line): relocation 1 has invalid symbol index 5
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o:/build/buildd/eglibc-2.19/csu/../sysdeps/x86_64/crti.S:64: first defined here
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/crtend.o:(.tm_clone_table+0x0): multiple definition of `__TMC_END__'
bin/obj/main.o:(.data+0x28): first defined here
/usr/bin/ld: error in bin/obj/main.o(.eh_frame); no .eh_frame_hdr table will be created.
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [run] Error 1

How to fix this error?

Community
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barej
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    Just for the record this line `OBJECTS := $(OBJDIR)/$(SOURCES:.cpp=.o)` will not work correctly if you have more than one entry in `$(SOURCES)`. You want `$(addprefix $(OBJDIR)/,$(SOURCES:.cpp=.o))` there. – Etan Reisner Feb 19 '15 at 14:36
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    Also `-o $(BINDIR)/$@` is a bad idea in a makefile. A recipe should always generate *exactly* `$@` or make won't do things the way you expect. See [Rules of Makefiles](http://make.mad-scientist.net/papers/rules-of-makefiles/) for more information. – Etan Reisner Feb 19 '15 at 14:38
  • @EtanReisner thanks so much. Would you mind suggesting me an alternative way to generate the executable file in `BINDIR`? – barej Feb 19 '15 at 14:45
  • `all: $(BINDIR)/run` and `$(BINDIR)/run: $(OBJECTS)` then just `-o $@`. – Etan Reisner Feb 19 '15 at 15:53

1 Answers1

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Adding linker arguments to compilation lines doesn't make any sense your intuition there was correct.

The problem with your %.o rule is that you forget to include the -c flag to tell the compiler to stop before linking.

Add that, remove the linker arguments and see if your problem still exists.

Etan Reisner
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