If this is only for testing purposes, you can use this:
function myFunc() {
$.getJSON('http://anyorigin.com/dev/get?url=google.es&callback=?', function(data){
$('#load_url').show(1000).html(data.contents);
});
}
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<div id='load_url'></div>
<a href="#" onclick="myFunc()">Google</a>
This uses http://anyorigin.com/ to bypass the Same Origin Policy restriction.
So for using it a few times, this would work, but as it says on the website, too much use can cause you to be banned.
See here for ways to bypass the policy.
If in the real application, you link to a page on your site, you can simply use what you were using before:
<a href="#" onclick="jQuery('#load_url').show(1000).load('localpage.html');">local page</a>