What worked for me was to use $(Configuration) macro in a lib path provided to cmake.
So, assuming libs are stored in separate, correctly named folders, e.g.:
C:\boost\lib\Debug\libfoo.lib
C:\boost\lib\Release\libfoo.lib
You can then call cmake with:
cmake -G "Visual Studio 10 2010" -DBOOST_LIBRARYDIR=C:\boost\lib\$(Configuration)\libfoo.lib
That'll generate .vcxproj with Additional Dependencies including C:\boost\lib\$(Configuration)\libfoo.lib, what is evaluated to either C:\boost\lib\Release\libfoo.lib or C:\boost\lib\Debug\libfoo.lib depending on a chosen Configuration.