I decided to give Ubuntu another shot and installed it alongside an existing Windows installation following this guide on my machine.
Unfortunately, start-up is really slow and shutdown is not completed (GUI and terminal), while reboot works as expected, albeit slowly:
$ systemd-analyze
Startup finished in 6.804s (firmware) + 10.797s (loader) + 27.367s (kernel) + 11.637s (userspace) = 56.608s
graphical.target reached after 11.617s in userspace.
$ systemd-analyze blame
5.717s NetworkManager-wait-online.service
4.825s plymouth-quit-wait.service
2.193s NetworkManager.service
2.055s apt-daily-upgrade.service
1.948s snapd.seeded.service
1.721s fwupd-refresh.service
1.665s fwupd.service
1.309s snapd.service
1.057s apport.service
731ms udisks2.service
708ms dev-mapper-vgubuntu\x2droot.device
680ms gnome-remote-desktop.service
624ms rsyslog.service
624ms power-profiles-daemon.service
562ms iio-sensor-proxy.service
529ms accounts-daemon.service
515ms polkit.service
513ms systemd-rfkill.service
473ms secureboot-db.service
460ms gpu-manager.service
459ms e2scrub_reap.service
424ms apparmor.service
404ms systemd-udev-trigger.service
392ms systemd-resolved.service
361ms user@1000.service
Can the Network Manager be configured to not hold up the startup process and maybe the plymouth-quit-wait.service? Thank you for your suggestion.